What is the possibility of getting healthy sperm after surgical sperm retrieval?
If a man is unable to produce sperm during ejaculation or in semen, surgical sperm retrieval is the primary method used by the doctor.
Infertility is known as “the strength of your reproductive organs, how fertile they are, how generative they are to help you with conceiving,”. It means that to proceed with any ART method, your doctor will analyze the fertility of both males & females and their capabilities to conceive through natural processes. The factor affects both males & females equally. Females may have specific fertility issues like egg production & incapabilities, uterus incapabilities to uphold the embryo, etc. Similarly, males may also have infertility issues like a decline in the formation of sperm or no sperm production.
Here at Vinsfertility Pvt Ltd, we help you with surgical sperm retrieval while working closely with the team of expert doctors. The procedure coincides with the egg collection from the female partner’s body and later receiving IVF or IUI for better results.
What could be the reasons for sperm retrieval in men?
Sperm retrieval is the only solution for males when pregnancy is the goal, and men who intend to have this result have little or no sperm in semen or ejaculation. In such a case, the doctor may suggest you collect sperm from other reproductive parts or tracts. For the best results, sperm retrieval is used with IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) and ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection).
If the intended parents are unable to conceive naturally for almost a year or two and have gone through other methods like IVF; in that case, analyzing sperm quality is the only solution.
Your urologist will analyze your semen under a microscope. And if it shows that there is no sperm in the semen (“azoospermia”), then surgical sperm retrieval may be needed.
What is the procedure of surgical sperm retrieval?
There are six different types of surgical sperm retrieval, and all work differently.
PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration)
The procedure is the least invasive and the simplest of all. Here, the doctor collects the sperm through a fine needle and directly from the epididymis- the connecting tube forming testicles. The doctor may follow the procedure while sedating you with general or local anesthesia. Your urologist may try NAB (needle aspiration biopsy) if the procedure doesn’t work.
TESE (testicular sperm extraction)
This procedure is the proxy of other methods where PESA and NAB fail. This one is an invasive procedure where the doctor takes out biopsies of the particular area of testes. The doctor may extract the testicular tissue while examining the content under a microscope. Using a small amount or number of sperm is enough to give hope for the child.
Micro-dissection TESE
This one is the new technique and is slowly replacing the other technique, TESE. This is optimal when men with no sperm in their semen approach doctors or urologists. This procedure is very similar to TESE, but here in this process, the doctor uses micro-dissecting.
TESA (testicular sperm aspiration)
Here, the doctor will help you with the insertion of a needle into the testicles using a biopsy ‘gun.’ After that, the sample of sperm and tissue is obtained using gentle suction. With the careful use of the microscope, the doctor may dissect the reproductive part, and like any other technique, they may store the sperm or culture them for future use, like for the IVF cycle.
Percutaneous biopsy
The procedure is similar to TESA, but a different needle or tool is used here. Sometimes, the process is known as a fine needle biopsy, where the doctor extracts or retrieves testicular tissues to fragment many sperms.
MESA (Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)
This process requires general anesthesia and a microscope. When the other procedures fail, and any other method is not applicable to correct any obstruction; then your doctor may proceed with this. The procedure gives you an almost 70% success rate.
Does the procedure of surgical sperm retrieval produce any harm to the male testis?
If you cannot conceive and think that you may have some issues, there can be Azoospermia- the infertility cause in many men’s lives. Azoospermia is a condition where the testes of males develop blockages and doesn’t allow sperm to pass even during ejaculation or in semen. Surgical Sperm Retrieval is the process that a doctor follows when the intended man chooses to become a father after having infertility issues like Hyperspermia, and others.
- Although the procedures are safe and secure, the side effects are rare. Once the doctor confirms that you have semen problems, the doctor may proceed with the surgical processes one-by-one. You may expect slight bleeding and infections.
- A few men suffer because of a drop in their testosterone following surgical sperm retrieval. This can become a source of issues for sexual functions, muscle weakness, anxiety, and sleep.
- If you or anyone you know suffers from all these problems, you may seek help from your nearest urologist.
What are the benefits of sperm removal in men?
Surgical Sperm Retrieval consists of various surgical & nonsurgical procedures. The doctor cannot directly jump over one method to help you. They will have to test one way and its effect and go step-by-step. This may take time, but compared to other fertility procedures, the process helps to check the male infertility, efficiency of the male’s sperm and fertility level. It gives a lot of additional information about the trial & error methods.
- High success rates
- The procedure is relatively painless.
- Men with vasectomies can utilize the sperm retrieval method to have more kids.
How healthy is your sperm after sperm retrieval?
Having no sperm in semen or during ejaculation is known as Azoospermia. This is the kind of disease that is prevalent in more than 10% of infertile men. Among these, Nonobstructive Azoospermia (NOA) is the major cause for testicular failure. Impaired sperm production & testicular failure represent 60% of these cases.
Since reproductive and fertility alternatives are trial-and-error methods, doctors cannot tell you whether you will be able to conceive or not without understanding the formation of embryos with successful results. Even in the cases of IVF, the doctors require to retrieve 10-20 eggs at one time. This may require a cycle of injections, medicines, and trips to the laboratory.
Also, since the motive of sperm retrieval is to conceive, the urologist may coordinate with your male partner so that they can retrieve the fresh sperm & can later freeze them as per the need. When you choose to use IVF to conceive, the doctor may proceed with surgical retrieval to receive or retrieve the sperms and inject them directly into the egg of the female partner, and this process is known intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
How much does surgical sperm retrieval cost in India?
Although the cost may vary as per the various factors, particular data or cost limitations exist. Depending on the case’s complexity, the hospital may charge you for the preparation and the whole surgical procedure. Moreover, the cost for surgical sperm retrieval may begin from a minimum of ₹ 20,000.
Conclusion
Vinsfertility is one of the largest fertility centers, offering round-the-clock medical, fertility, comprehensive, and essential treatment under one roof. The medical team serves you with fine tools, technologies, cutting-edge facilities, the best infrastructures, and a couple of highly skilled doctors. The experienced medical staff of surgeons, doctors, urologists, and gynecologists help to have adequate surgical sperm retrieval and various other conceiving alternatives.
References
Hyperspermia – Fertility Condition, Treatment (A Detailed Guide)
Table of Content
- Introduction
- What is Hyperspermia?
- The Science Behind Men’s Fertility
- Symptoms of Hyperspermia
- Hyperspermia, Male’s fertility & Miscarriage
- Hyperspermia & Ejaculation
- What can cause Hyperspermia?
- When to see a doctor for Hyperspermia?
- Can Hyperspermia Be Treated?
- Conclusion
Introduction
(परिचय)
In the male-dominated world, we often hear the news only related to female infertility. People, although, underestimate the fact that males too bear infertility issues like Hyperspermia (हाइपरस्पर्मिया). When it comes to women’s health & infertility, there are lots of terminologies you may be reminded of. It can be menstruation, egg formation, ovulation, periods, menopause, age as the infertility issue, and many more. What men are gifted with is life-long sperm production.
What if this sperm production gets diminished!
Yes, this is where men have the ending point to their fertility. Healthy sperm production takes place up to the age of 35 or 36. Although it stays persistent throughout their lives, they do have problems with their healthy sperm making.
Males can too have sperms that are immature, abnormally shaped, and unable to swim. There can be chances that they may not produce enough sperm to be called fertile. Or they may not make any sperm at all.
Let’s further discuss the issues that men face too!
What is Hyperspermia?
(हाइपरस्पर्मिया क्या है?)
Hyperspermia is the fertility condition where a man produces many sperms through his semen production. Semen is a whitish fluid that secretes during orgasm in men. It may contain sperms and are produced or extracted from the prostate gland.
Another fertility issue a man suffers is hypospermia, which is the exact opposite of hyperspermia. Here, the man produces less semen than usual.
Hyperspermia is relatively rare; extremely uncommon than hypospermia. In developing countries like India, men do have more than 4% of sperm volume. Having hyperspermia doesn’t mean the man is unhealthy. But, it does refer to his infertility.
The Science Behind Men’s Fertility
(पुरुषों की प्रजनन क्षमता के पीछे का विज्ञान)
You may wonder that if hypersmeria is about high production of semen and sperm, then how is it related to infertility?
In general, the impact of hyperspermia depends on the concentration of sperm that men ejaculate through his prostate gland. In most cases, hypersmeria does not lead to infertility, but ….
A lot of things need to be considered here:
- If the amount of sperm is proportional to the volume of semen produced during ejaculation or orgasm, then hyperthermia can lead to infertility.
- If the semen is thinner: This means that the concentration of sperm is more dilated than usual. Here, the chances of fertilization are less because sperms have less power to reach the female’s fallopian tube and then fertilize the egg.
- If hyperspermia is followed by sexual abstinence: Abstinence is meant by “spotting doing something that you enjoyed earlier”. Sexual abstinence is meant by the inability of the man to avoid genital contact. This means that men have high semen production, but they contain dead and damaged sperms. In such cases, the sperm holds the inability to swim and reach the female’s uterus. Therefore, with hypersmeria you can expect infertility.
Symptoms of Hyperspermia
(हाइपरस्पर्मिया के लक्षण)
It may feel tricky to talk about ejaculation, sexual power, sexual intercourse time and semen amount. But, these conditions do help a healthcare provider determine whether you have hyperspermia or not.
Men may not produce noticeable symptoms often. Therefore, the condition may go neglected. Of course, not all men will likely notice heavy semen production after ejaculation, or sexual intercourse.
There is a disagreement over the definition of hypersmeria. Many experts claim that hypersmeria occurs when men produce more than 6 to 6.5 mm of volume of ejaculation.
Quite often, men may not produce any symptoms and the doctor may likely discover the medical condition coincidentally or the physical examination including a questionnaire.
Some of the symptoms of male infertility are:
- Delay in ejaculation
- Pain during ejaculation
- Fatigue, & dizziness after sex
- High sexual drive, still low fertility
- Other symptoms like heavy production of semen while performing bowel movements
Other symptom may arise like:
- Less intimate sexual timing
- Inability to get involved in sexual intercourse
- Unhappy partnership
- Leakage in pants
- Higher sexual drive than usual
- Stretched penis
- Weakness especially after sexual activities
- Semen discharge that is yellow in color
- Breathing problems after having sexual activities
- You may feel extreme daytime sleep
Thus, if you notice a volume of ejaculation, and doubt that it is affecting your health, you can consider talking to our confidential doctors. At Vinsfertility, we treat issues related to both male and female partners. We are a leading fertility center available to hear from you. We provide solutions in the form of IVF, ICSI, Surrogacy, Laparoscopy, Hysteroscopy, IUI, and all the possible infertility issues of both men & women.
Hyperspermia, Male’s fertility & Miscarriage
(हाइपरस्पर्मिया, पुरुष प्रजनन क्षमता और गर्भपात)
The key reason for a mother’s or female partner’s health is the healthy lifestyle of the man. If you often face abnormalities in mother-to-be and face issues like miscarriage, premature birth, and lot of other abnormalities related to egg fertilization, there can be chances that you may have hyperspermia.
It is true that hyperspermia affects your partner’s and your future child’s health. Although the male and female’s health contribute to the child’s health but large number of possibilities depend on men’s fertility.
The type of cell division occurring in the early stages of conception predicts the stages related to child’s development in the mother’s womb. This cell division takes place after the egg & sperms fertilize together. But, what if the quality of sperm is not as good as that of the egg of the female partner?
Men do have fertility issues and those issues can impact the health of both the child in the mother’s womb and the mother herself.
The factors that become important for any healthcare provider to determine the good fertility of a male partner are:
- Sperm count
- Sperm motility
- The amount of cellular fluid in the sperm head
These factors help a man & woman lead to a healthy pregnancy.
Hyperspermia & Ejaculation
(हाइपरस्पर्मिया और स्खलन)
Do not get confused with the two different terms- Hyperspermia & Ejaculation. They both are different and have nothing to do with one another.
A man may ejaculate a lot, while others may not ejaculate even a bit the whole day. A man may expel too much semen while ejaculating while others may face issues in the extraction of semen during ejaculation.
Ejaculation is self-limiting. You may ejaculate at the number of times or occasions during the day.
Hyperspermia is a rare condition where a man produces abnormal levels of semen. Although the cause of hyperspermia is unclear, the abnormal rate of semen production can lead to infection, ultimately affecting the health of the prostate gland. This may cause inflammation in men and may also increase other impacts like itching, frequent ejaculation, frequent urination and abnormal bathroom trips.
The effect of frequent ejaculation is different for different people. It may seem to you that ejaculation harms your health, but there is no evidence to prove the same. Therefore, nothing happens when you ejaculate or produce a large volume of semen. However, a man expelling large amounts or volumes of semen is rare.
What can cause Hyperspermia?
(हाइपरस्पर्मिया का कारण क्या हो सकता है?)
There is no exact cause of hyperspermia, but it is said that it can lead to how you perceive sexual activities. It can affect your mood, and may or may not let you be involved in intimate activities.
There can be some rare activities while you are going through hyperspermia. A few of the relatable facts about the medical condition are:
- You may have long gaps between sexual intercourse.
- Sperm building increases intensively.
- Although various pills may be helpful for you, you may still feel elevated levels of semen and sperm production.
- You may get an increase in active sperm production because of certain pills & medicines.
- The use of steroids (no matter for what reason) can affect you with hyperspermia.
- Eating food that is rich in protein, fiber, and nutrients can abruptly increase your semen production
When to see a doctor for Hyperspermia?
(हाइपरस्पर्मिया के लिए डॉक्टर को कब दिखाना चाहिए?)
If you are worried that you are producing too much semen, and you are unable to get your partner pregnant, with at least a trial for one year without success, you can talk or discuss the things with your doctor.
Your healthcare provider may help you cross-check the sperm count and will have your physical examination. The tests may include:
- Semen analysis: Your healthcare provider will ask for your semen sample. For this, you may be required to masturbate in a cup or produce semen through ejaculation. Your healthcare provider will send the sample to the laboratory for further testing.
- Hormone tests: This will be done through a blood test. A blood test will give the estimate of testosterone and other male hormones. If there is low testosterone, then there is the sign for infertility.
- Imaging: Your healthcare provider may also have the imaging test of your reproductive parts. For this, you will be required to have the ultrasound of your testicles. This may pose a problem to you as many feel shy or have negative thoughts. But, this can give the necessary information to your doctor.
Can Hyperspermia Be Treated?
(क्या हाइपरस्पर्मिया का इलाज किया जा सकता है?)
Since hyperspermia can lead to many fertility issues like:
- Lower sperm count
- Less ability of sperms to swim
- Ability to make the partner get pregnant
- Affecting the odds of conceiving
There can be lots of techniques, medicines, and therapies that may help you improve your sperm count. Your healthcare provider may utilize a technique called sperm retrieval. This is the method where your healthcare provider will pull sperm from your reproductive tract.
Once your healthcare provider is able to extract the healthy sperm, it can be injected directly into your partner’s egg, just like in the case of fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
You can also consult the medical executives of Vinsfertility. There are many doctors associated with Vinsfertility who may help you with fertility issues in males & females.
Conclusion
(निष्कर्ष)
Hyperspermia is rare but can affect the fertility of men to a large extent. In turn, the fertility of a man affects the health of a newborn; indeed, it can lead to miscarriage and premature birth or can also fake a pregnancy in a woman. If you have trouble getting your female partner pregnant, then techniques like sperm retrieval with IVF & ICSI can help you increase the odds of a successful pregnancy.
References:
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/male-infertility
https://www.healthline.com/health/mens-health/hyperspermia
https://fertilitypedia.org/edu/risk-factors/hyperspermia#
https://www.bensnaturalhealth.com/blog/sexual-health/how-many-times-can-a-man-ejaculate-a-day/
https://www.ndtv.com/health/what-is-hyperspermia-know-the-causes-symptoms-treatment-2770215
Heart Transplant – Procedure, Risk and Treatments
What is a Heart Transplant?
Heart transplant is a major operation of replacing a diseased heart from a person with a healthy heart from an organ donor. A person can only donate their heart once they have been declared brain-dead. And their family has agreed to donate the organs of their loved one’s.
Heart transplant is done only when the patient’s health does not get better after trying multiple other treatment methods or medication. However, once you get a heart transplant, you can live a good and healthy life, if you follow the doctor’s instructions and take your medication on time.
What are the reasons for getting a Heart Transplant?
A heart transplant is major surgery. It is not the first treatment option for a patient suffering from heart diseases. However, if your heart is failing and all the other treatments have failed, then your doctor might recommend you to get a heart transplant. Various reasons can cause heart failure, such as-
- Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
- High blood pressure
- Heart valve disease
- Heart muscle infection
- Heart defects since birth (congenital heart)
- Irregular rhythms or heartbeats (arrhythmias)
- Substance abuse
- Lung disease
- Low red blood cell count
- Heart muscle infection
- Thick, stiff and enlarged heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
- Low red blood cell count (anemia)
Who cannot have a Heart Transplant?
Sometimes, getting a heart transplant is not the right option for you. Since it is major surgery, your body bears a lot of strain, which may risk your life and thus outweigh transplant’s potential benefits.
You may not be able to get a heart transplant if you are-
- Old, above the age of 65
- Excessive substance abuse
- Blood vessels damaged due to diabetes
- Have an active infection
- Have other diseases related to liver, kidney, lungs or nerves
- Have cancer or have overcome it recently
Heart Transplant Procedure
Before the procedure
Before you are selected as an appropriate candidate for heart transplant, your doctor will ask you to get a couple of tests done and will also review your medical history to determine your condition. The tests include psychological tests, blood tests, and diagnostic tests. The blood tests will make it easier to find a donor heart that matches your blood type to avoid the risk of your body rejecting the new heart. Through diagnostic tests including X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, etc, your overall health will be checked.
Waiting for a Donor Heart
Once your doctor has approved you as an eligible candidate for heart transplant, you will be put on a waiting list. Sadly, the number of patients for heart transplant exceeds the number of donor hearts available so the waiting time for getting a heart transplant might be long. It also depends upon the size of your heart, your blood type, and the severity of the heart disease.
During the transplant
- Once you are ready for the surgery, you will be given general anesthesia, which will put you in a deep sleep till the transplant is over.
- Your body will be connected with a heart lung bypass machine. This machine will maintain the flow of oxygen rich blood in the body, even when the heart is being operated.
- Using a sharp tool, the surgeon will make an incision in your chest. The surgeon will then cut the chest bone to reach your diseased heart.
- The heart will be removed except for its upper 2 chambers, and the back walls of the atria.
- The new heart will be then placed at the newly vacated spot and will be connected with the blood vessels, and the blood will be able to flow through the heart and lungs.
- Once the heart starts beating, the bypass machine will be removed.
- The chest bone will be closed and the sin and tissues will be closed with the help of tissues.
- Heart transplant surgery is an open heart surgery and takes a lot of time, around 4 to 10 hours.
After the transplant
- After the surgery, you will be put in an Intensive Care Unit for continuous monitoring to see that your heart is working properly.
- The nurse will keep a check on your blood pressure, breathing rate, oxygen level, and other vitals via machines connected to you.
- You will be put on a ventilator for a few days. This ventilator will help you to breathe. Gradually, as you start breathing yourself, the machine will be adjusted accordingly to allow you to breathe on your own.
- Initially, a tube will be inserted into your mouth to give fluids and other nutrients to the body.
- After getting a heart transplant, you might have to daty in the hospital for one to two weeks depending upon your recovery rate and other factors.
- When the doctor thinks that you are recovered enough, you will be sent back home with clear instructions regarding the medication and follow-up visits.
What are the risks associated with a Heart Transplant?
Since heart transplant surgery is a major operation, there are risks of certain complications that could occur at any time. Some of these complications might take place a few days after the transplant while others might take months or even years.
These risks are-
-
Donor heart rejection
Rejection of the donor heart is one of the most common and significant risks associated with a heart transplants. Your immune system might see the donor heart as a foreign body and fight against it like it does with any other virus or bacteria that enters the body. This can damage the heart. To prevent the immune system from doing so, you have to take immunosuppressants for the rest of your life. They can reduce the risk of rejection by weakening your immune system but cannot always prevent it from happening.
To ensure that your heart is working properly, you will have to visit your doctor frequently to get biopsies done (till at least the first year of transplant).
During Biopsy, a tube is inserted inside a vein through the neck or groin and directed to the heart. And a biopsy device, which runs through the tube takes a small sample of heart tissue for examination in a lab.
-
Graft Failure
There are certain cases in which, soon after the transplant the donor heart fails and stops working properly. This condition is what causes the most frequent deaths during the first few months of transplant.
-
Problems in arteries
After the heart transplant, there is a possibility of thickening and hardening of the blood vessels connected to the new heart, leading to cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). This is a long-term condition, which might make it difficult for the blood to reach your heart and could lead to a heart attack, heart arrhythmias, or sometimes even a sudden cardiac death.
-
Side effects of medication
There are certain risks you may face due to the immunosuppressants you’ll have to take for the rest of your life to prevent rejection of the donor heart. There is a risk of – kidney damage, increased risk of infections and cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, weight gain and high blood pressure.
If you notice any of the following symptoms, you should immediately contact your doctor-
- Fever, chills
- Low blood pressure
- Chest pain
- Extreme tiredness
- Pain, redness, swelling or bleeding at the incision site
- Difficulty in breathing
These could be signs of rejection or infection and should be treated as soon as possible to avoid further damage.
After care
To increase the possibility of healthy life after getting a heart transplant surgery, there are certain lifestyle changes you will have to make. Such as-
-
Proper medication
Make sure that you take all the medicines as per your doctor’s instructions. These immunosuppressants will prevent the body from rejecting your new heart. However, they cause other problems in the body like creating a risk of – high BP, kidney damage, weakening of bones, increased risk of infections and cancer and much more. Additional medication is prescribed to combat these.
-
Follow up appointments
Never miss a follow up appointment with your doctor, as they will check the functioning of the transplanted heart and see to it that no complications have risen. You might have frequent follow-up appointments in the beginning after the transplant, however as the time passes the frequency of visits will decrease.
-
Exercise
If you have gotten a heart transplant, you are recommended to exercise regularly to keep the transplanted heart healthy and to avoid weight gain. However, since a transplant heart beats faster (100-110 beats per minute) than a normal heart (approximately 70 beats per minute), you should consult your doctor or a physiotherapist regarding the type of exercise most beneficial for you. Exercising will also help you increase your strength and mobility to a great extent.
-
Diet
A balanced diet is very beneficial after getting a heart transplant surgery as it will make the body heal faster and keep you healthy. It might also help reduce the side effects of immunosuppressants like- weight gain, high blood pressure, diabetes and osteoporosis.
FAQs
Q-1. What is the heart transplant cost?
Ans. The cost of a heart transplant can vary anywhere between 20 – 25 lakhs. This includes pre-transplant evaluation, the surgery itself, and the post-transplant recovery period.
Q-2. How long can you live after a heart transplant?
Survival rates after heart transplantation vary based on several factors. Survival rates remain to improve despite an increase in older and higher-risk heart transplant recipients. Worldwide, the overall survival rate is more than 85% after one year and about 69% after five years for adults.
Q-3. What is the success rate of heart transplant?
Ans. Around 85-90% of heart transplant patients live up to one year after their surgery. The yearly death rate after one year is 4%. The one-year survival rate in people with congenital heart disease is 79%.
Skin Treatment – Procedure and Risks
Skin is the largest organ in the human body, and like all other organs it has an important role. It’s your skin’s job to protect you by preventing any harmful infections from entering the body and not letting you get sick. Hence, it is imperative to keep it in good health. Taking good care of your skin will ensure low chances of future problems, like wrinkles, scars and many more. Apart from that, good skin has mental and social benefits. Having good skin boosts your self-confidence and when you look good, others might have a great first impression of you. Thus, proper skin care is very important.
Nowadays, people do not wish to have any skin problems and want to look good all the time. Skin problems might include- scars (from acne, injury or surgery), wrinkles, discoloration and age spots. These skin problems can be treated with the help of cosmetic skin treatments. These treatments are performed by highly trained and experienced dermatologists/cosmetic surgeons.
Who is a Dermatologist?
Dermatologist is a doctor who specialises in the treatment of conditions related to skin, hair and nails. A dermatologist can identify internal problems in your body by looking at your skin. They diagnose and treat skin medical issues like acne, rosacea and other skin problems. Many dermatologists also perform surgeries like doing skin biopsies or removing warts. They also do skin cosmetic treatments which make your skin look rejuvenated, younger and smooth. This may include treating scars, smoothing wrinkles, plumping up saggy skin, removing age spots and much more.
What are Cosmetic Skin Treatments and why do you need them?
Cosmetic skin treatments are various surgical and nonsurgical procedures that are done to treat your skin, to enhance your appearance. These skin treatments help to restore a more rejuvenated, youthful complexion by eliminating the outer damaged skin layers to reveal a new and healthy skin from beneath and also encourages the growth of new healthy skin cells.
Various types of skin treatments are used by Cosmetic surgeons to address a myriad of skin concerns. They include- Chemical Peel, Laser Skin Resurfacing, Dermabrasion, Microdermabrasion, Botox, etc. Some of these treatments encourage the growth of new cells and collagen production, while others use the techniques of removing scar or filling in wrinkles to make your skin look smooth and clean. The level of invasion, recovery time and how long the treatment will last differs from treatment to treatment.
Cosmetic Skin Treatments
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Chemical Peels
Chemical Peeling is a type of skin treatment, in which a chemical solution is applied on the surface of the skin which results in the peeling away of the damaged outer skin layer. Chemical Peeling is used to treat skin problems by removing scars caused from acne, injury or a surgery, smoothing out wrinkles, removing age spots, discoloration and freckles. It also helps in tightening and toning of the skin.
Chemical peel should be done by an experienced cosmetic surgeon. In this, a chemical solution is brushed on your skin and then it will be left there for a certain period of time. Over time, this chemical solution causes the damaged skin to peel apart, revealing a cleaner, smoother and younger looking skin.
Depending upon the severity of your skin problems, chemical peel can be classified into a range of 3- light, mild and deep. This classification is based upon the number of skin layers that need to be peeled. Light peels use Alpha Hydroxy acid (AHA), mild peels use trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and deep peels use Phenol. Light chemical peels reach the outermost layers of skin which is called the epidermis. Deeper peels on the other hand go further down, they will pass the epidermis and go to the next layer- dermis. This is recommended for more severe skin issues and must be performed by a trained and experienced cosmetic surgeon.
By evaluating your skin problem, your cosmetic surgeon will recommend the types of peel you require to get a healthy and rejuvenated skin. After the chemical peel heals, you will be able to see a brighter and smoother skin.
-
Laser Skin Resurfacing
As the name suggests, Laser-skin treatment uses pulsating laser beams to treat the damaged skin by improving its tone, texture and removing deep lines and wrinkles on the face and neck. In this, the outer layer of the skin is removed and the deeper layers are heated up. This triggers the growth of collagen and new skin cells in the skin layers. It is also used to remove unwanted facial or body hair and scars caused from acne, injury or surgery. There are 2 types of lasers- Ablative Lasers and Non-Ablative Lasers.
Ablative Lasers
Ablative Lasers remove the outer skin layer, it is used to treat deep wrinkles and scars. This laser shows results faster but takes longer time for recovery.
Non-Ablative Lasers
Unlike Ablative lasers, Non-Ablative lasers do not penetrate the skin. Their work is to heat up the skin below the surface to push the growth of collagen and help to treat early signs of aging by making the skin firm and toned. Non-ablative lasers work just like Ablative lasers, the only difference is the time of discomfort and recovery is very less. And they also have long lasting results.
Laser Skin Treatment is a long-lasting treatment but sometimes, it may take several months for the results to show (effects of collagen and new skin cell) depending upon your skin type. Side effects such as redness might take several weeks to go away, you also might have to stay away from sunlight for several months. Your cosmetic surgeon will make you understand the expected results which vary from patient to patient, depending upon their skin type and problems.
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Botox Injections
In Botox skin treatment, a small amount of liquid which includes a substance called Botulinum toxin is injected in the face muscles. It is a very common type of skin treatment these days and is used for both cosmetic as well as problems. Cosmetic problems include- frown lines, crow’s feet, furrow lines, lines at the corner of the mouth and much more. A temporary paralysis is caused in the muscle in which the Botox is injected. The muscle is unable to contract as all the nerve signals to it get blocked.
This procedure does not take more than 15 minutes depending upon the amount and area in which the Botox needs to be injected. You can start seeing the results between 24-72 hours after the treatment. This treatment may last for 3 to 12 months depending on the type and area of treatment.
Some patients may face side-effects like- Bruising around the injection site, eyelids drooping, swelling in the eyes area, headache, weakness, numbness, dry eyes or allergic reactions like rash or itching, but they all go away in a few weeks time. In case that does not happen, immediately contact your doctor. People who are breastfeeding, pregnant, have a neurosurgical disease or are allergic to any of the ingredients used in Botox should not get Botox done.
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Dermabrasion
Dermabrasion, often used for facial procedures, is a surgical procedure in which your doctor uses a wire brush or a rapidly rotating device to remove the damaged skin layer by layer. The number of layers to be removed/ depth of the procedure depends upon how severe the skin problems are. Once the skin is removed, the treated area heals which allows the growth of new skin in its place by encouraging new cell growth. This treatment is used to remove acne and pimple scars, wrinkles, skin whitening and smoothening.
This treatment is performed only by trained dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons. Before the procedure begins, to numb the skin, you are injected with an anesthetic so that you don’t feel any discomfort during or after the treatment . Dermabrasion is not recommended for all, as it goes deeper into the skin and can affect skin pigmentation. There might be some side effects including redness, pain, burning or swelling. Since the treated skin is delicate, it is very important to protect it from the sun and infection.
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Microdermabrasion
As the name suggests, microdermabrasion is a mild version of dermabrasion, which is used on the face, hands, neck, or body. It is done to remove light acne scars, discolored skin, enlarged pores and age spots and also helps in skin brightening. In microdermabrasion treatment, the area is exfoliated with the application of fine abrasive crystals or with the help of a fine tipped instrument. This exfoliated skin is then vacuumed away. Unlike Dermabrasion in which there is a high risk of side-effects, it requires no recovery time. Also, microdermabrasion carries a low risk of side-effects and can be used on all skin types. It might take a long time, sometimes a few months to get visible results and how long the results will last depends upon how severely the skin was damaged.
It is one of the most common wrinkle treatments as the procedure is quick and does not take a long time. In some cases, more than one session of microdermabrasion might be required to get the desired skin results. After getting the treatment, it is necessary to keep the skin away from the sun as it is very sensitive and can get damaged easily.
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Kidney Transplant – Procedure, Risk and Treatment
What is Kidney transplant?
Kidney transplant, also known as a renal transplant is a major surgical procedure, in which a healthy kidney from a deceased or living donor is placed in a human who has kidney failure at end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This happens when both of your kidneys stop working, which results in the accumulation of waste and other toxic substances in your body which can further raise your blood pressure and ultimately lead to kidney or renal failure.
Kidney Anatomy and Functions-
The kidneys are the internal organs of a human, which are essential for life. They are two bean-shaped organs placed on each side of the spine below your rib cage in the lower abdominal activity on the back wall. Kidneys are roughly the size of your fist about 4 to 5 inches long. Their main function is to filter out waste and other toxins from the blood by producing urine, which is then excreted from the body.
To ensure the proper functioning of the body, these kidneys perform several major functions. They include-
- Maintain body fluid balance by filtering out the waste and other toxins from your blood. This waste is then turned into urine and stored in the bladder. And once you feel that the bladder is full, the urine is passed out from the body through the urethra.
- Regulate blood pressure by releasing hormones.
- Produce erythropoietin for regulating the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
- Control the acid-base balance
- Regulate the concentration of electrolyte (salt) in the body.
Kidney Transplant
When a kidney failure or End Stage Renal DIsease (ESRD) occurs, both the kidneys stop functioning, which results in the accumulation of waste in the body, making you sick. There are two ways to treat this- Dialysis and Kidney Transplant. Dialysis is a mechanical process used to clean the blood by filtering out the waste products.
Kidney transplant is considered over a lifetime of dialysis and only one kidney is needed to replace the functioning of the two previous kidneys which stopped functioning. Kidney from a living person is also an option as an individual can live a healthy life with just a single kidney functioning properly. This new donor kidney is transplanted in your lower abdomen. The artery and the vein of the new kidney are connected with your artery and vein. Once the connection is done, the blood will start flowing through the new kidney and resume the work of filtering out the waste from the blood and excreting it out of your body in the form of urine. Sometimes, it may take weeks for the new kidney to start functioning. Kidney transplant will treat ESRD and allow you to live a normal and healthy life once again.
Why is Kidney Transplant done? What are the reasons of Kidney Transplant?
Kidney transplant is done when both the kidneys have stopped working by more than 90%, leading to the endangerment of your life. Multiple reasons for kidney failure include-
- Diabetes
- Chronic high blood pressure
- Glomerulonephritis, a situation in which glomeruli, tiny filters within your kidneys get damaged by inflammation and eventual scarring.
- Polycystic kidney disease
Who cannot get a kidney transplant done?
Sometimes, there are certain reasons, due to which getting a kidney transplant is not possible. They are-
- Severe cardiovascular disease
- Cancer (active or recently treated)
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Uncontrolled mental illness or dementia
- Infections like- tuberculosis, hepatitis, or bone infections
- Problem in liver
Kidney Transplant Procedure-
Kidney transplant Evaluation Process
To find an identical kidney, from a living donor or deceased donor, there are certain tests that need to be conducted to find out your blood type and tissue. These results are then used to match with a donor kidney for transplant. They are-
Blood Type Testing – To prevent the risk of your body rejecting the new kidney, your blood is tested to find its type, out of- A, B, AB, or O. For transplant, the donor blood type should either be the same or at least compatible unless special treatment is being done which can allow any blood type. Compatible blood types-
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- For recipient with blood type A, donor type – A, O
- For recipient with blood type B, donor type – B, O
- For recipient with blood type AB, donor type – A, B, AB, O
- For recipient with blood type O, donor type – O
Tissue Typing – Once a donor with a compatible blood type has been found, the next test conducted is a tissue typing test known as human leukocyte antigen typing (HLA). This test is done to compare antigens. Inherited from parents, antigens are genetic markers found in everyone that distinguish every individual. Although not necessary, compatible tissue typing plays a very important role in a long-lasting kidney transplant.
Crossmatch – A human body forms antibodies, who destroy any foreign material present in the body. And since the donor kidney is also a foreign object, crossmatch is done to see if your body forms antibodies against the donor kidney. Cross Matching is done by mixing a sample of donor’s blood and your (recipient) blood in the lab. If the test results are negative, your body will most likely not reject the donor kidney. However, if the test results are positive, special treatment needs to be done to reduce the antibodies in the recipient’s body before the kidney transplant.
Additional tests might be done to ensure that the donor is healthy and no medical problem is transferred from the donor’s body to the recipient’s body.
Kidney Donation from a Living Person-
Instead of waiting for a kidney from a deceased person, a donor kidney from a willing living person is also an option. Generally, for a proper match, family members are the best option. But unrelated people like- friends, co-workers can also donate a kidney (willingly).
Kidney Donation from a Deceased Person-
If you are unable to find a living donor, you will be put on a waiting list for a deceased donor kidney. You might have to wait for years to get a kidney transplant from a deceased donor.
While you are waiting for a kidney transplant, you need to maintain a healthy lifestyle as you will be more prepared for the kidney transplant. Do regular exercising, and don’t do any sort of substance abuse. And take your prescribed medication.
Kidney transplant Surgery Procedure
- Once you have been called for kidney transplant from a living or a deceased donor to the hospital, you will be prepared for the surgery.
- You will be administered anesthesia before the surgeon begins with the transplant. And your heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen level will be measured during the roughout of the procedure.
- The original two kidneys are not removed, instead a third kidney added. The original kidneys will only be removed if you have pain, kidney stones, high blood pressure, or infection.
- An incision is made in the lower part of the abdomen at either of the sides.
- The new kidney is placed there and the artery and vein carrying blood from the new kidney are surgically connected to the artery and vein present in your pelvis.
- The ureter of the new kidney is also connected with the bladder for the flow of urine.
- The incision is then closed with stitches.
- To help you pee, the surgeon might also insert a tiny tube called a stent into your ureter.
- This surgery takes about 3 to 5 hours to complete.
Post Procedure After Care
- Once the surgery is complete, you will be taken to another room for recovery, where your vitals will be continuously monitored.
- You might have to stay in the hospital for more than a week depending upon the speed of recovery. During this time, you will feel pain at the incision site, which will heal gradually.
- The transplanted kidney might start making urine immediately or might take some while. Kidneys donated from a family member generally start working faster than a kidney from a deceased or an unrelated donor.
- Before leaving the hospital, you will be given instructions by the doctor regarding the medication you will have to take for the rest of your life, so that your body doesn’t reject the new kidney. The medication (immunosuppressants) prevent our immune system from attacking the donor kidney.
- You will be called to the hospital for regular checkups.
- You will be able to return to normal activities in about six weeks or it may take longer depending upon certain conditions.
What are the risks of a Kidney Transplant?
A kidney transplant carries some risks. They are-
- Bleeding
- Blood Clots
- Infection
- Leakage at the incision site
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Transplanted kidney fails and gets rejected
- Blockage in the urethra
The immunosuppressants which you have to take for the rest of your life also carry some risks. They include-
- Bone thinning
- Weight gain
- High risk of cancer
- Acne
- High blood pressure
- Hair growth or hair fall in excess
Care At Home-
At home, there are certain things you need to keep in mind to ensure the proper functioning of the donor kidney. They are-
- Take medication regularly
- Eat a healthy and proper diet
- Exercise daily, after the wound has healed
- Don’t lift heavy objects for a short while
FAQ
Q-1. What is the kidney transplant cost in India?
Kidney transplants in India cost Rs. 5-6 lakhs (Purely indicative). After the surgery, it could cost Rs. 15,000 a month for the aftercare and another Rs.
Q-2. Is kidney transplant a major surgery?
Kidney transplants in India cost Rs. 5-6 lakhs (Purely indicative). After the surgery, it could cost Rs. 15,000 a month for the aftercare and another Rs.
Yes, kidney transplant is a major surgery and thus involves a higher rate of risk.
Q-3. What is the Kidney Transplant success rate?
According to the national Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, the success rate after a kidney transplant with a living-donor kidney was reported as 97% at 1 year and 86% at 5 years.
Q-4.Why is kidney transplant better than dialysis?
There are many reasons why getting a kidney transplant is better than dialysis. They are-
- Kidney transplant patients live longer than people who get dialysis.
- A person who is on dialysis has to follow a strict diet, whereas people who opt for kidney transplant can eat more freely.
- Dialysis patients have low energy levels as compared to kidney transplant patients and can thus return back to their normal work life much quicker.
